African American history
Slavery and freedom, Black schools, churches and towns, Reconstruction, and the civil rights movement. 500 places on the trail.
Colonial (pre-contact to 1763)
- 22-60Brookgreen PlantationTitle to the land that comprised Brookgreen Plantation is traced to a patent for 48,000 acres granted to Robert Daniell ...
- 07-46Daufuskie IslandThis 5,200-acre island lies between the Cooper and New Rivers. Spanish and English explorers saw it in 1521 and 1663; En...
- 08-71Eighteen Mile House TavernFrom the 18th century, the State Road from Charleston and the Road to Dorchester met near here. These paths connected Ch...
- 10-157Fenwick Indigo VatsOn this site are the rare surviving remnants of four 18th century indigo vats. Indigo is a blue dye derived from several...
- 07-18Fish Hall PlantationThis plantation was part of a 1717 Proprietary landgrant of 500 acres to Col. John Barnwell. Later owners included membe...
- 08-63French Huguenot PlantationAbraham Fleury, sometimes called Abraham Fleury Sieur De La Plaine, settled here about 1680. He was one of the first Fre...
- 10-00St. Andrew's Parish ChurchBuilt in part in 1706, the year the Church of England was established here by law. Enlarged 1723. Burned out and rebuilt...
- 10-48The Stono RebellionThe Stono Rebellion, the largest slave insurrection in British North America, began nearby on September 9, 1739. About 2...
Era of American Revolution (1764-1783)
- 39-20Cherokee Village of EssenecaNative Americans inhabited this site prior to the American Revolution. In 1775 naturalist William Bartram described the ...
- 21-35Joshua Braveboy PlantationThis site was part of the 150-acre plantation of Joshua Braveboy (1740-fl. 1820), a free black who served in the S.C. mi...
- 02-21Silver Bluff Baptist ChurchThis church, one of the first black Baptist churches in America, grew out of regular worship services held as early as t...
South Carolina in the Early Republic (1784-1815)
- 07-58Baptist Church of BeaufortThe Baptist Church of Beaufort descends from Euhaw Baptist Church on Edisto Island. In 1794 the first meeting house was ...
- 28-17Monroe Boykin ParkIn the 1798 city plan, this five-acre park was laid out as a public square. In 1900 the Seaboard Air Line Railway built ...
Antebellum (1816-1860)
- 02-53Aiken Colored CemeteryThis cemetery, established in 1852 as a city cemetery, became Pine Lawn Memorial Gardens in 1988. The only burial ground...
- 46-56Allison Creek Presbyterian ChurchThis church was founded in 1854 by residents of the Clay Hill community on Allison Creek, who were members of Bethel (17...
- 26-28Ark CemeteryThis marker stands adjacent to the burial ground of the former Ark Plantation, which dates back to the 1700s. Although t...
- 02-07Beech Island Agricultural ClubOn January 5, 1856, Governor James H. Hammond and eleven other farmers of this area organized the Beech Island Agricultu...
- 10-89Blake-Grimké HouseThis Charleston double house was built before 1789 by William Blake, a planter and descendant of former Proprietary Gove...
- 08-58Bowen's CornerBowen’s Corner, an African-American farming community from the mid-19th century through the late-20th century, was origi...
- 10-66Calvary Episcopal ChurchThis church, located on Beaufain Street for 91 years, was organized in 1847 to give free blacks and slaves in antebellum...
- 25-13Cherry Grove Christian ChurchThis African-American church, a congregation of the Disciples of Christ, was founded in 1855 by members of Three Mile Cr...
- 10-145Edisto Island Baptist ChurchThis wood frame church was built in 1818 as Edisto Island Baptist Church. The church was founded primarily through the e...
- 40-158Fair-Rutherford HouseThe Fair-Rutherford House, a Greek Revival cottage, stood here from ca. 1850 until it was demolished in 2004. Built for ...
- 39-19Fort Hill Slave QuartersLocated one-eighth mile from the main house, the Fort Hill slave quarters were described in 1849 as being “built of ston...
- 39-18Fort Hill Slave and Convict CemeteryAfrican Americans enslaved at Fort Hill were buried along the hillside below the Calhoun family plot in graves marked on...
- 21-15Hewn-Timber CabinsThe African Americans who built the two hewn-timber cabins that stand 200 yds. S on Wallace Woods Road were brought to M...
- 22-36LaBruce / Lemon HouseThis house, built on 10 acres of beach land by 1858, was owned by the LaBruce family, who were successful rice planters ...
- 40-14Ladson Presbyterian ChurchCongregation originated in the Sabbath School for colored people organized by the First Presbyterian Church 1838, later ...
- 21-55Mars Bluff Rice GrowersFrom the 18th century until c.1920, African American farmers grew rice in nearby fields. While not a major cash crop in ...
- 40-206McCord HouseThis Greek Revival house was built in 1849 for David and Louisa McCord by slaves from her plantation, Lang Syne, in Fort...
- 16-71New Hopewell Baptist ChurchThis church was formally organized soon after the Civil War. It was founded by 20 black members of Antioch Baptist Churc...
- 43-50Pinewood CemeteryPinewood Cemetery, also known as Weeks Cemetery, began as a family burial ground associated with the plantation owned by...
- 22-70PlantersvilleEst. c.1835, Plantersville began as a 350-ac. pineland village 6 mi. NE, used by planter families to escape seasonal mal...
- 31-03Rev. John Leighton Wilson, D.D. March 25, 1809-July 13, 1886His home stood on this site. With his wife, Jane Bayard Wilson, he served as a Presbyterian missionary on the western co...
- 21-18Roseville Plantation Slave and Freedman's CemeteryThis was originally the slave cemetery for Roseville Plantation. Roseville, established about 1771 by the Dewitt family,...
- 32-03Saluda FactoryOne mile east on the Saluda River stood a 4-story granite building erected by the Saluda Manufacturing Company, incorpor...
- 10-91Slave AuctionsCharleston was one of the largest slave trading cities in the U.S. In the 1800s, the area around the Old Exchange Buildi...
- 10-126Slave Trading ComplexThis was the south end of a large slave trading complex known as The Mart or Ryan’s Mart. It was opened in 1856 by Thoma...
- 10-127Slave Trading ComplexFrom 1856 to 1863, this was the north end of a slave trading complex known as The Mart or Ryan’s Mart. It was opened by ...
- 09-26St. Matthews Railroad CutAcross the street is the St. Matthews Railroad Cut. The cut was built in 1841 as part of the first branch line of the S....
- 28-19The Price HouseThe Price House dates to 1829-30 and was built shortly after the Camden fire of 1829 burned many of the homes and busine...
- 07-49Wesley Methodist ChurchThis church, established in 1833, was the first Methodist church in Beaufort and was founded as a mission to slaves and ...
- 10-118Weston-Grimké HomesiteArchibald (1849-1930) and Francis Grimké (1850-1937), early 20th century activists for African American rights, grew up ...
Civil War (1861-1865)
- 22-22Bethel ChurchThis African Methodist Episcopal church was the first separate black church in Georgetown County. It was established by ...
- 36-13Calvin Crozier Murder SiteCol. Charles Trowbridge of the 33rd U.S. Colored Troops ordered the execution of Calvin Crozier, former private 3rd KY C...
- 07-39Combahee River RaidOn June 1-2, 1863, a Federal force consisting of elements of the 2nd S.C. Volunteer Infantry (an African-American unit) ...
- 32-40Congaree Creek EarthworksThese earthworks were constructed in early 1865 and were the site of brisk fighting between the Union XV Corps and Confe...
- 15-23Destruction of the BostonOn May 23-24, 1864, Union forces attempted an amphibious operation to destroy a railroad trestle across the Ashepoo Rive...
- 07-24Emancipation DayOn New Year's Day 1863 this plantation owned by John Joyner Smith was the scene of elaborate ceremonies celebrating the ...
- 07-40First African Baptist ChurchThis church, founded in 1865, grew out of an antebellum praise house for black members of the Baptist Church of Beaufort...
- 10-99First Memorial DayHampton Park was once home to the Washington Race Course and Jockey Club. In 1864 this site became an outdoor prison for...
- 07-72Fort HowellThis Civil War fort was built from August to November 1864 by the 32nd U.S. Colored Infantry and the 144th N.Y. Infantry...
- 01-11McGowan-Barksdale-Bundy HouseThis 1888 Queen Anne house was the home of Gen. Samuel McGowan (1819-1897) until his death. McGowan, a lawyer, Confedera...
- 07-15Penn SchoolAfter Union occupation of the sea islands in 1861, two northerners, Laura Towne and Ellen Murray, came to help the freed...
- 07-55Queen Chapel A.M.E. ChurchThe congregation of Queen Chapel can trace its roots to May 1865 when A.M.E. missionaries Rev. R.H. Cain, Rev. James H.A...
- 45-12Stephen A. Swails HouseStephen Atkins Swails (1832-1900), U.S. Army officer and state senator, lived in a house on this site 1868-79. Swails, a...
- 07-14Tabernacle Baptist ChurchTabernacle Church was formed by black members of Beaufort Baptist Church after other members evacuated the area due to F...
- 10-76The Seizure of the PlanterEarly on May 13, 1862, Robert Smalls, an enslaved harbor pilot aboard the Planter, seized the 149-ft. Confederate transp...
Reconstruction (1866-1876)
- 04-24African American School SiteThe one-room frame public school, organized shortly after the Civil War, housed 76 students and 1 teacher by 1870. The s...
- 07-70Beaufort Colored SchoolBeaufort Colored School opened at this site in 1867. The school was housed in a two-story frame residence acquired by th...
- 10-132Beefield CommunityBeefield is one of a number of James Island communities founded after the Civil War by formerly enslaved African America...
- 40-147Benedict CollegeBenedict College, founded in 1870 by the American Baptist Home Mission Society to educate freedmen and their descendants...
- 40-150Bethel A.M.E. ChurchThis church, founded in 1866, was one of the first separate African-American congregations established in Columbia after...
- 09-14Bethel A.M.E. Church and SchoolBethel A.M.E. Church was established in 1865 and held its early services under a brush arbor. Bethel was the first A.M.E...
- 37-25Bethel Colored Methodist Episcopal ChurchBethel Colored Methodist Episcopal (C.M.E.) was founded in 1876, likely by former slaves. Members built a small wood fra...
- 16-90Bethesda Baptist ChurchBethesda Baptist Church organized in 1867 when African American members of Welsh Neck Baptist Church were granted dismis...
- 06-10Bethlehem Baptist ChurchThis church, officially organized in 1868, had its origins in the antebellum Barnwell Baptist Church, which was located ...
- 20-25Blackjack Baptist ChurchThis congregation was founded around 1870, mainly by Black former slaves of members of nearby Fairfield Baptist Church. ...
- 46-72Blue Branch ChurchBlue Branch Church was formally organized in 1870-71 as part of northern Presbyterians’ missions to southern freedpeople...
- 12-10Brainerd InstituteThis institute grew out of an 1866 school for freedmen; it became Brainerd Institute in 1868 when the Board of Missions ...
- 46-67Brick HouseIn 1841, Dr. John S. Bratton began construction of a new, all-brick two-story house at Brattonsville. Completed c.1843, ...
- 38-36Bushy Pond Baptist ChurchThis church was organized during or just after the Civil War by black members of Willow Swamp Baptist Church, a combined...
- 40-118Calvary Baptist Church, 1865-1945Site of an African-American church organized in 1865 with Samuel Johnson as its first pastor. It met under a brush arbor...
- 07-64Campbel Chapel A.M.E.Built in 1853, this was originally Bluffton Methodist Episcopal church. Organized by whites, the church’s 216 members in...
- 08-38Casey (Caice)This African-American community grew up around a Methodist church founded during Reconstruction by a freedman named Case...
- 16-91Cherry Grove Baptist ChurchFormer members of Swift Ceek Baptist Church (3 mi. W) founded this church in 1869, later adopting the name “Cherry Grove...
- 38-26Claflin CollegeClaflin College, founded in 1869 as Claflin University, is the oldest historically black college in S.C. and was establi...
- 29-22Clinton Memorial CemeteryMore than 300 members of Lancaster's black community are buried here, with the first grave dating to 1864. Originally th...
- 10-100Constitutional Convention of 1868In January 1868 delegates met to rewrite the S.C. Constitution. They convened at the Charleston Club House, which once s...
- 27-26Cummingsville CemeteryCummingsville Cemetery dates to the 1870s when a group of freedmen formed the Cummingsville Society and purchased 10 acr...
- 07-57Cyrus GarvinLittle is known of Cyrus Garvin’s early life. He was likely born into slavery, possibly on a plantation of the Baynard f...
- 18-31Dorchester CemeteryIn 1876, six trustees of a local Methodist Episcopal (M.E.) congregation purchased a 25-acre parcel at this site. Tradit...
- 40-112Early Howard School SiteOn this site stood Howard School, a public school for blacks established after the Civil War. By 1869 there was a two-st...
- 10-152Ebenezer A.M.E. ChurchEbenezer African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) is the oldest church congregation in the Town of Lincolnville. In 1874 tru...
- 14-18Ebenezer Baptist ChurchThis church was founded about 1869 by Mary Scott “Aunt Mary” Harvin, and held its first services in a nearby brush arbor...
- 46-65Elias Hill HomeplaceElias Hill (1819-1872) was born enslaved at Hill’s Ironworks on Allison Creek. He and his parents were emancipated prior...
- 28-21Ephesus United Methodist ChurchEphesus United Methodist Church (U.M.C.) formally organized in 1869, when freed African Americans built a small frame ch...
- 20-16Fairfield InstituteThis grade school and normal institute for blacks was founded in 1869 during Reconstruction by the Northern Presbyterian...
- 07-73First Zion Baptist ChurchThis congregation organized around the time of the Civil War to serve formerly enslaved African Americans living in the ...
- 02-71Friendship Baptist ChurchThis is one of the oldest historically Black churches in Aiken. It was organized in 1866 by formerly enslaved members of...
- 43-54Goodwill SchoolGoodwill School was established by missionaries from the Northern Presbyterian Church shortly after the Civil War. The s...
- 07-76Grace Chapel A.M.E. ChurchGrace Chapel African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) Church formally organized in 1869 and was initially called Beaufort A....
- 40-168Harriet Barber HouseIn 1872 Samuel Barber (d. 1891) and his wife Harriet (d. 1899), both former slaves, bought 42 1/2 acres here from the S....
- 40-111Howard School SiteEstablished after the Civil War, this public school for blacks was located at the NW corner of Hampton & Lincoln streets...
- 25-23Huspah Baptist Church and SchoolHuspah Baptist Church was organized c. 1873. The congregation first met in the homes of church members before erecting a...
- 22-66James A. BowleyIn the 1870s, this was the home of James Alfred Bowley (c.1844-1891). Born enslaved in Maryland, Bowley was the great ne...
- 21-22JamestownThis African American community, which flourished here for 70 years, has its origins in a 105-acre tract bought in 1870 ...
- 16-74Jerusalem Baptist ChurchThis church, organized soon after the Civil War, is one of the oldest African-American churches in Darlington County. It...
- 16-66John Wesley Methodist ChurchThis church, founded about 1865, is the first African-American church in Lamar and was long known as Lamar Colored Metho...
- 22-37Joseph Hayne RaineyThis National Historic Landmark was the family home of Joseph H. Rainey, the first African American elected to the US Ho...
- 10-37Laing SchoolLaing School, located here from 1868 to 1953, was founded in 1866 by Cornelia Hancock, a Quaker who had served as a nurs...
- 10-41Liberty HillLiberty Hill, established in 1871, is the oldest community in what is now North Charleston. In 1864 Paul and Harriet Tre...
- 10-103LincolnvilleThe Town of Lincolnville was founded in 1867 by seven African American leaders: Daniel Adger, Marc Buffett, Rev. Richard...
- 23-76Little TexasWilliam E. Earle acquired much of the land now bounded by Beattie Pl., N. Church, Academy, and E. North Sts. at a forecl...
- 06-16Macedonia Baptist ChurchThis church, the first African-American Baptist church in Barnwell County, was founded in 1866 when Rev. James T. Tolber...
- 16-15Macedonia ChurchTradition says first meetings of this Baptist Church were held in the home of Laura Brown. A house of worship was constr...
- 07-16Mather SchoolShortly after the Civil War, Mather School was founded here by Rachel Crane Mather of Boston. In 1882 the Woman's Americ...
- 31-20Mechanicsville United Methodist ChurchThis church was organized in 1871 by Black families who settled in this area after the Civil War. In 1872, members John ...
- 36-19Miller Chapel A.M.E. ChurchThis church, founded in 1867, was one of the first A.M.E. churches north of Columbia. It was organized when black Method...
- 40-208Minton Family HomeThis Italianate-style home was built c. 1872 for Theophilus and Virginia McKee Minton. The Mintons were prominent Africa...
- 09-09Mount Pleasant Baptist ChurchThe first church built by African Americans at Fort Motte grew out of services held by slaves at nearby Bellville, Goshe...
- 19-16Mt. Canaan Baptist ChurchThis church, founded in 1868, was one of the first black Baptist churches in this area. Alexander Bettis (1836-1895), a ...
- 09-17Mt. Carmel Baptist ChurchOrganized in 1870 by freed slaves, this Baptist congregation is said to have first met in a brush arbor before temporari...
- 29-13Mt. Carmel CampgroundAccording to local tradition, this African Methodist Episcopal Zion Campground was established c.1870. Instrumental in o...
- 28-24Mt. Moriah Baptist ChurchMt. Moriah Baptist Church was established in 1866 and is one of the oldest Black Baptist congregations in Kershaw County...
- 19-23Mt. Pleasant Baptist ChurchMt. Pleasant Baptist Church was organized in 1869 when the African American members of Philippi Baptist Church requested...
- 04-53Mt. Sinai United Methodist Church and CemeteryThis is the original site of Mt. Sinai United Methodist Church, an historically African American congregation organized ...
- 45-14Mt. Zion A.M.E. ChurchThis church was founded in 1867 on land donated by Moses and Matilda Watson. It was the first African American church in...
- 16-64Mt. Zion Baptist ChurchThis church, founded in 1869, was organized by 36 black members of nearby Black Creek Baptist Church, who received lette...
- 46-81Mt. Zion SchoolThis was the original location of Mt. Zion School, a public school for African Americans established by Mt. Zion Baptist...
- 34-26Nazarene Baptist ChurchThis congregation traces its roots to enslaved members of Gapway Baptist Church (1 mi. W) who held their own worship ser...
- 40-197New Light Beulah Baptist ChurchNew Light Beulah Baptist Church was organized in 1867 when 565 African American members withdrew from Beulah Baptist Chu...
- 23-56Old Pilgrim Baptist ChurchThis church was founded in 1868 by black members of nearby Clear Spring Baptist Church who named their new church Pilgri...
- 12-14Old Zion A.M.E. Zion ChurchOld Zion Church formally organized by 1873. It was originally located 2 mi. E on Goings Rd. where it shared a cemetery w...
- 10-155Payne Reformed Methodist Union Episcopal ChurchPayne Reformed Methodist Union Episcopal (R.M.U.E.) Church organized in the 1870s. Tradition holds that early members, i...
- 13-08Pee Dee Union Baptist ChurchThis church, formally organized in 1867, had its origins in Cheraw Baptist Church, founded in 1837. Shortly after the Ci...
- 40-228Pine Grove A.M.E. ChurchThis African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) congregation organized in 1868. Tradition holds that members first met under a...
- 16-88Pleasant Grove ChurchThis church was organized in 1869 by Rev. Dnaiel Jesse. Members first met under a brush arbor before building a small wo...
- 10-86Plymouth ChurchIn 1867 over 100 African Americans, most former members of the Circular Church, founded Plymouth Church, among the oldes...
- 02-59Providence Baptist ChurchProvidence Baptist Church was established by enslaved and free people of African descent in the town of Hamburg. After t...
- 40-133Randolph CemeteryRandolph Cemetery, founded in 1871, was one of the first black cemeteries in Columbia. It was named for Benjamin Frankli...
- 30-12Rich HillThis African-American neighborhood, roughly bounded by N. Caroline St., E. Hampton St., Laurel St., and E. Laurens St., ...
- 02-19Schofield SchoolThis school was founded by the Freedmen's Bureau shortly after the Civil War to educate freedmen, women, and children. I...
- 10-96Simeon Pinckney HomesteadSimeon Pinckney, who was born a slave in Manning, S.C., enlisted in the 3rd S.C. Inf. (Colored) in 1863, and also served...
- 39-30Soapstone Church & SchoolThis Baptist congregation likely dates to the 1870s and was organized by Rev. Joseph McJunkin to serve residents of Libe...
- 23-58Springfield Baptist ChurchThis is the oldest black Baptist congregation in downtown Greenville. It was founded in 1867 by members of Greenville Ba...
- 40-230St. James A.M.E. ChurchThis African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) church organized in 1871. In that year, five church trustees acquired this lot...
- 16-16St. James ChurchThis United Methodist Church was originally named Pearl Street Methodist Episcopal Church. The first trustees were Henry...
- 22-65St. John A.M.E. ChurchSt. John A.M.E. Church was established in the spring of 1867 with Rev. Saby Green as the first pastor. Early meetings we...
- 16-76St. John Methodist ChurchThe first meetings of what would become St. John Methodist Church took place under a brush arbor. The congregation compl...
- 40-219St. Luke's Episcopal ChurchSt. Luke’s was the first Episcopal congregation in Columbia established for African Americans. Members began worshipping...
- 35-46St. Michael's Methodist ChurchEstablished in 1868, St. Michael’s was the first Methodist congregation in Bennettsville organized by African Americans....
- 43-29St. Paul African Methodist Episcopal ChurchThis congregation was organized before the Civil War and held its services in a brush arbor until 1875 when its trustees...
- 20-21St. Paul Baptist ChurchThis African American church was organized in 1873 by Simon McIntosh, Henry Golden, Lily Yarborough, Frances Kelly, Lizz...
- 40-95St. Paul ChurchOne of the first black churches after the Civil War, St. Paul AME began as Oak Grove African Methodist Episcopal Church....
- 10-125St. Peter's A.M.E. ChurchOrganized c.1867 by Rev. Caesar Smalls, St. Peter’s African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) Church is the oldest-known reli...
- 15-26St. Peter's A.M.E. ChurchTradition holds that this African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) church first met after the Civil War before organizing in...
- 02-15Storm Branch Baptist ChurchThis church had its origins at or near this site in 1772 as a plantation chapel, in what was Edgefield District until af...
- 21-24The Assassination of Rep. Alfred RushAlfred Rush (d. 1876), a black state representative for two terms during Reconstruction, was assassinated near here, abo...
- 02-45The Hamburg MassacreThe Hamburg Massacre, which occurred nearby on July 8, 1876, was one of the most notable incidents of racial and politic...
- 14-17Trinity A.M.E. ChurchThis church was founded soon after the Civil War by 50 freedmen and women who held their first services in a stable dona...
- 38-24Trinity United Methodist ChurchThis African-American church, established in 1866, built its first sanctuary 4 blocks SE in 1870. Construction began on ...
- 40-222U.S.C. During ReconstructionPeople of African descent have been integral to the history of U.S.C. In the early days of the university enslaved peopl...
- 44-20Union County Lynchings of 1871In 1871, one of the worst waves of white supremacist violence in S.C. history unfolded in Union County. During two raids...
- 40-146Wesley Methodist ChurchWesley Methodist Church is the oldest African American Methodist congregation in Columbia. It was founded in 1869 by Rev...
- 40-186Zion Baptist ChurchZion Baptist Church first organized in 1865 and met in a humble dwelling on Gadsden St. The congregation moved to this s...
- 40-178Zion Chapel Baptist Church No. 1This African-American church was organized ca. 1865 when four men left Sandy Level Baptist Church, founded before the Re...
New South (1877-1913)
- 35-38"The Gulf"This area has been the center of the African-American business district and a popular gathering place since the late 19t...
- 40-2121900 Block of Henderson StreetThis block features a dense collection of late 19th and early 20th c. houses historically associated with and home to Af...
- 46-57Afro-American Insurance CompanyThis building, constructed ca. 1909, was built for the Afro-American Insurance Co., a black-owned firm with offices thro...
- 40-152Allen UniversityAllen University, chartered in 1880, was founded by the African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) Church. It had its origin i...
- 40-156Alston HouseThis Greek Revival cottage, built ca. 1872, was the residence and business of Caroline Alston, a black businesswoman who...
- 35-45Beaver Dam Baptist ChurchBy the 1890s, residents of this section of Marlboro County organized Beaver Dam Baptist Church. Also known as Cross Road...
- 30-26Beaverdam Baptist Church and SchoolThis Baptist congregation organized in the 1870s. A church cemetery at this site dates to that period, and early members...
- 24-19Benjamin E. Mays BirthplaceThis house, originally 14 mi. SE on U.S. Hwy. 178 in the Epworth community, was the birthplace of Dr. Benjamin E. Mays (...
- 07-52Berean ChurchBerean Presbyterian Church was founded by Samuel J. Bampfield, an influential African American political figure during R...
- 45-24Bethel African Methodist Episcopal ChurchThis African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) congregation organized in 1879. In that year, founding trustees Carter Murray ...
- 40-162Bethel Baptist ChurchBethel Baptist Church was founded in 1884 by black members of nearby Sandy Level Baptist Church seeking to organize a se...
- 46-87Bethlehem Baptist Church CemeteryThis cemetery dates to at least c.1900 and was established by members of Bethlehem Baptist Church. Bethlehem historicall...
- 19-09Bettis AcademyEstablished as a result of the inspiration and efforts of the Reverend Alexander Bettis, this educational institution wa...
- 10-121Bible Sojourn Society CemeteryThe Town of Lincolnville was founded in 1867 and incorporated in 1889 as a haven for African Americans. In 1891, town le...
- 12-11Black Rock Baptist ChurchBlack Rock Baptist Church formally organized by 1874 and was originally part of the Gethsemane Baptist Association. The ...
- 40-149Blossom Street SchoolBlossom Street School, at the corner of what was then Blossom & Gates (now Park) Streets, was built in 1898 as the first...
- 40-224Brown Chapel A.M.E. ChurchTradition holds that early members of Brown Chapel African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) Church worshipped under a brush ...
- 23-38BrutontownBrutontown, an historic African-American community, grew up around the intersection of Paris Mountain Rd. and Rutherford...
- 14-28Butler CemeteryThis cemetery dates to at least the 1860s and likely began as a burial ground for white members of the Butler and Nelson...
- 20-23Camp WelfareThis camp ground, described by one journalist as “picturesque, rugged, simple, with an overhanging air of festivity,” ha...
- 10-68Cannon Street HospitalCannon Street Hospital, established here in 1897, served the African-American community of Charleston until 1959. Offici...
- 23-53Cedar Grove Baptist ChurchAccording to tradition, this African-American church was organized by Rev. Tom Jones shortly after the Civil War. It hel...
- 08-70Cherry Hill ClassroomThis school was built ca. 1876 on land donated by John Campbell for a building that would serve as both a school for Afr...
- 45-15Cooper's AcademyCooper’s Academy, built in 1905-06, was a private boarding school for the black children of this community until 1927, a...
- 13-05Coulter Memorial Academy SiteOrganized in 1881, this Negro Presbyterian (USA) school was founded by the Rev. J. P. Crawford with support from Mrs. C....
- 42-43Dean Street SchoolThis building began as Dean Street School, a two-story wood frame structure built in 1891 to serve African American resi...
- 05-17Denmark Industrial SchoolThe Denmark Industrial School was started by Elizabeth Evelyn Wright after she made attempts to start a school for black...
- 03-20Doe Pond Baptist ChurchTradition holds that Doe Pond Baptist Church was organized by formerly enslaved people in the years after the Civil War....
- 11-14Dunton Chapel Methodist ChurchDunton Chapel Methodist Church can trace its origins to 1870, when Rev. J.R. Rosemond began preaching in the home of Mil...
- 16-18Edmund H. DeasAfter moving to Darlington County in the 1870s, Edmund H. Deas served as county chairman of the Republican Party for a n...
- 42-36Episcopal Church of the EpiphanyThe Episcopal Church of the Epiphany was est. 1893 as a mission to Spartanburg’s African American residents. Rev. Theodo...
- 45-27Epps-McGill FarmhouseThis two-story house dates to 1907 and is a fine local example of Folk Victorian architecture. It was built on land owne...
- 16-68Flat Creek Baptist ChurchThis African-American church was founded in 1877, with Rev. Daniel Jesse as its first pastor. It held its first services...
- 10-143Frederick Deming Jr. Industrial SchoolThe Frederick Deming Jr. Industrial School opened at this site in 1892. It was founded to serve African American residen...
- 30-14Friendship A.M.E. Church & CemeteryThis church held its first services in a nearby brush arbor shortly after the Civil War and was formally organized in 18...
- 10-154Gadsden GreenThe neighborhood of Gadsden Green, also called Fiddlers Green or Back da Green, began around 1852. In that year, landown...
- 07-41Grand Army of the Republic HallThis building was built ca. 1896 by the David Hunter Post No. 9, Grand Army of the Republic (G.A.R.). The G.A.R., founde...
- 21-30Gregg-Wallace Farm Tenant HouseThis house, built as a one-room tenant house ca. 1890 and later enlarged several times, features a narrow front porch an...
- 30-22Hampton Street SchoolBy 1895, this intersection was the site of the Laurens Colored School, eventually known as Hampton Street School. In tha...
- 01-23Harbison CemeteryThis approx. three-acre cemetery dates to at least the 1890s and was created to serve African American residents of the ...
- 16-78Harstville Colored CemeteryThe cemetery was founded by two mutual aid associations representing Hartsville’s African American Community. The first ...
- 16-70Hartsville Graded SchoolThe first public school for the black children of Hartsville and vicinity operated on this site from about 1900 to 1921....
- 40-223Hettie Anderson HomesiteHarriette “Hettie” Eugenia Anderson, acclaimed African American art model of the Gilded Age, grew up in a house at this ...
- 10-108Hunter's VolunteersThis site once beloned to Hunter’s Volunteers, an African American militia est. on James Island by 1877. Part of the S.C...
- 02-28Jacksonville SchoolJacksonville School, built by the Jacksonville Lodge in 1895, taught the black children of this community until 1936. Gr...
- 10-82Jonathan Jasper Wright Law OfficeJonathan Jasper Wright (1840-1885), the first African American in the U.S. to sit as a justice on a state supreme court,...
- 43-38Kendall InstituteKendall Institute, founded on this site in 1891, was one of the first black schools in Sumter. It was funded by the Boar...
- 09-12Lang Syne CemeteryEstablished by the Peterkin family c. 1905, buried here are many former slaves and their descendants. Among those interr...
- 16-25Lawrence FaulknerBorn c. 1840 and a resident of Darlington County by 1871, Lawrence Faulkner was a black school teacher, later merchant, ...
- 40-220Lincoln ParkFrom 1901 to 1905, this was a segregated park for African Americans, opened by the Columbia Electric Street Railway Comp...
- 10-150Lincolnville JailOn this site stands a small, wood frame building that for decades served as Lincolnville Jail. The jail is believed to h...
- 42-35Little AfricaLittle Africa was one of a number of independent African American communities formed across the South after the Civil Wa...
- 40-201Little Zion Baptist ChurchThe congregation at Little Zion dates to c. 1832, when enslaved individuals worshipped in white-controlled churches. Aft...
- 23-96Mattoon Presbyterian ChurchMattoon Presbyterian Church was organized in 1878 by Black members of Washington Street (First) Presbyterian Church. The...
- 45-17McCollum-Murray HouseThis house, with Classical Revival architectural influences, was built ca. 1906 for Edward J. McCollum (1867-1942), Afri...
- 32-48Mount Olive A.M.E. ChurchThis is the first permanent site of Mount Olive African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) Church. Church leaders acquired thi...
- 34-13Mt. Olive Baptist ChurchThis church was founded in 1882 by 16 charter members, all former slaves or the children of former slaves. It held servi...
- 16-81Mt. Rona Missionary Baptist ChurchMt. Rona was founded c.1903, when the first trustees purchased this site. Early members included the Bacote, Leek, Marti...
- 45-28Mt. Seal Methodist ChurchThis Methodist congregation was originally known as Turkey Creek Church. Tradition holds that members first worshipped u...
- 13-20Mt. Tabor Methodist ChurchMt. Tabor Methodist Church dates to the early days of emancipation when, according to local tradition, a group of freedp...
- 10-151Mt. Zion Baptist ChurchMt. Zion Baptist Church organized in the 1880s. Tradition holds they first met under a brush arbor on land owned by loca...
- 11-09Mulberry Chapel Methodist ChurchThis African American church, the first in what is now Cherokee County, was most likely built between 1880 and 1890. It ...
- 18-32Murray United Methodist ChurchTradition holds this Methodist congregation organized around the end of the Civil War and initially worshipped under a b...
- 10-136New Bethel African Methodist Episcopal ChurchNew Bethel African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church organized in 1888. Tradition holds that members initially worshipped...
- 08-73New Hope Methodist ChurchThe congregation of New Hope Methodist Church dates to 1837. At that time the congregation consisted of both white membe...
- 02-81North Augusta Trolley StationThis was the site of the North Augusta station of the Augusta-Aiken Railway, a trolley line that opened in 1902. It was ...
- 32-55Oak Grove Colored SchoolThis is the former site of Oak Grove Colored School, est. 1900 as a public school for African Americans. It was built on...
- 09-15Oakland CemeteryThis cemetery was named for nearby Oakland Plantation (c. 1800), the home of William Sabb Thomson (1785-1841), a planter...
- 42-16Old City CemeteryThis cemetery, established on this site about 1900 as the Spartanburg Colored Cemetery, includes many graves moved here ...
- 32-58Pine Grove A.M.E. ChurchTradition holds that Pine Grove African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) Church organized in 1872 and first worshipped under...
- 17-15Pine Hill A.M.E. ChurchThis church, founded in 1876, was in Marion County before Dillon County was created in 1910. At first on S.C. Hwy. 34, t...
- 07-50Port Royal Agricultural SchoolThe Port Royal Agricultural School, later the Beaufort County Training School, operated nearby 1901-1955. Offering vocat...
- 22-64Potter's FieldFrom the 1880s to the 1930s the block bordered by Highmarket, Dozier, Duke, and Church streets served as a cemetery for ...
- 38-53Railroad CornerFor decades this was the site of an African American business district known as Railroad Corner. The Corner extended nor...
- 23-105Richland CemeteryRichland Cemetery was established in 1884 by the City of Greenville as a public burial ground for African Americans. It ...
- 04-49Rock Mills Undenominational Singing ConventionMt. Sinai Methodist Church (1/2 mi. S) was the home church of the Rock Mills Undenominational Singing Convention, later ...
- 16-86Round O Baptist ChurchIn c.1883, freed African Americans and their descendants living on Round O Plantation withdrew from nearby Flat Creek Ba...
- 21-52Salem United Methodist ChurchThis Methodist church organized in 1871, when trustees acquired ½ acre of land north of the Jeffries Creek Public Road f...
- 37-08Seneca InstituteThe Seneca Institute (later Seneca Junior College) educated African American children of this region from 1899 to 1939. ...
- 07-27Sheldon Union AcademySheldon Union Academy, later Sheldon School, opened in 1893 on this site and educated the black children of rural Sheldo...
- 40-159Sidney Park C.M.E. ChurchSidney Park C.M.E. Church was founded in 1886 and has been at this site since 1889. It grew out of a dispute among membe...
- 21-60Snow Hill Baptist ChurchSnow Hill Baptist Church organized in the 1880s. Tradition holds the church initially worshipped under a brush arbor on ...
- 38-25South Carolina State UniversityS.C. State University was founded in 1896 as the Colored Normal, Industrial, Agricultural & Mechanical College of S.C., ...
- 02-76St. Catherine C.M.E. ChurchIn 1890, this became the site of St. Catherine Colored Methodist Episcoapl (C.M.E.) Church. Tradition maintains that the...
- 07-33St. James Baptist ChurchThis church, founded in 1886 by former members of First African Baptist Church, is one of the oldest surviving instituti...
- 09-16St. John Good Samartian Lodge Hall and CemeterySt. John Good Samaritan Lodge Hall and Cemetery were established c. 1900 on land sold by Jack Johnson. Among the early t...
- 14-27St. Mark A.M.E.In 1885, sixty-five former members of Liberty Hill A.M.E. Church (3 mi. SE) organized this congregation to have a church...
- 10-131St. Mark's Union Methodist Episcopal ChurchSt. Mark’s Church was originally part of the Reformed Methodist Union Episcopal (RMUE) Church. RMUE ministers worked in ...
- 45-31St. Mary African Methodist Episcopal ChurchTradition holds that St. Mary African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) Church was organized in the 1890s by Rev. Caesar Wils...
- 35-49St. Michael's Church CemeteryIn 1892, St. Michael’s Methodist Church, one of the first African American churches in Bennettsville, established a ceme...
- 12-12St. Paul Baptist Church at HalsellvilleThis congregation, originally known as St. Paul Colored Baptist Church, was formally organized by 1884 on nearby Goings ...
- 18-16St. Paul Camp GroundThis Methodist camp ground, one of four in Dorchester County, was established in 1880. African-American freedmen in this...
- 38-42St. Paul's Episcopal ChurchSt. Paul’s Episcopal Church was established in 1912. It was founded by Dr. Robert Shaw Wilkinson (1865-1932) and his wif...
- 09-25St. Peter AME Church and SchoolThis African Methodist Episcopal (AME) congregation organized in 1880 when five trustees acquired one acre of land at th...
- 22-68St. Stephen A.M.E. ChurchIn 1897, members of Bethel African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church, led by Rev. Washington P. Carolina (1864-1939), obt...
- 25-28Steele Missionary SchoolNorthern teacher Almira S. Steele opened a school for African American children at this site c.1885. Part of the America...
- 23-32Sterling High SchoolSterling High School stood 3/4 mi. southeast of here and served generations of African Americans in Greenville. Founded ...
- 14-11Taw Caw ChurchIn 1885 this black baptist church bought the building here, said built about 1860, from white Taw Caw church, now Summer...
- 04-52Taylor Brothers HomesiteThe four Taylor brothers, “first family” of the Negro Leagues, were acclaimed baseball professionals raised in Varennes ...
- 21-36The Lynching of Frazier BakerIn 1898 a building here was the scene of a lynching that sparked outrage across the nation. Frazier Baker, an African Am...
- 10-147Three Trees SchoolThis was the site of Three Trees School, one of the earliest Black public schools on James Island. Three Trees opened by...
- 21-49Trinity Baptist ChurchTrinity Baptist organized in 1868, with Rev. Wesley J. Parnell (d.1873) serving as its first pastor. The church initiall...
- 09-13True Blue CemeteryTrue Blue cemetery was established as the burial ground for slaves, former slaves, and their descendants from True Blue ...
- 40-134Visanska-Starks HouseThis house, built after 1900, was originally a two-story frame residence with a projecting bay and wraparound porch; a f...
- 16-21Zachariah W. WinesBlack merchant and educator Zachariah Wines, born 1847 in Society Hill, represented Darlington County in the S.C. House ...
- 02-63Zion Hill Missionary Baptist ChurchThe congregation of Zion Hill Missionary Baptist Church originated c.1894, when tradition holds that members began worsh...
World War I and the Interwar Period (1913-1941)
- 04-38"The Hundreds"This area was a hub of African-American life from the late-19th to mid-20th centuries. Anderson County Training School, ...
- 02-69African Americans in the CCCAiken State Park was one of 17 state parks built in S.C. by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), which was racially se...
- 40-221Allen Benedict CourtIn 1940, a segregated public housing complex for African Americans opened at this site. Named after nearby Allen Univers...
- 18-09Alston Graded SchoolAlston Graded School, one of the first African-American schools founded in Dorchester County, stood here from 1910 to 19...
- 32-54Batesburg Colored SchoolThis is the site of Batesburg Colored School, built c.1922 with support from the Julius Rosenwald Foundation. The Colore...
- 40-226Bethel SchoolAs early as 1908, Bethel School, also known as Blythewood Colored School, opened on land tradition says belonged to Beth...
- 34-24Bethel-Britton's Neck SchoolAlong the nearby stretch of Gresham Road is the site of Bethel or Britton’s Neck School for African Americans. In 1902-2...
- 43-41Beulah SchoolThis two-room African-American school was likely built between 1922 and 1930 for students in grades 1-7. It had 50-100 s...
- 40-210Blythewood SchoolThe first school here built c.1890 was a one-room frame building. In 1921 a two-story brick schoolhouse and auditorium r...
- 40-164Booker T. Washington SchoolThe two-story main building at Booker T. Washington School, built in 1916, stood here until 1975. At first an elementary...
- 38-34Bowman Rosenwald SchoolBowman Rosenwald School, which stood here from 1927 to 1952, was one of several African-American schools in Orangeburg C...
- 46-70Boyd Hill SchoolA new school for African American residents of the Boyd Hill community was built here in 1925 on a 4-acre lot. Designed ...
- 38-54Bull Swamp Colored SchoolIn 1936 the 3-room Bull Swamp Colored School was built near Bull Swamp Baptist Church. The building cost $3,000 and was ...
- 10-67Burke High SchoolThis school, founded in 1910, was the first public high school for African-Americans in Charleston. It succeeded the Cha...
- 46-69Carroll Rosenwald SchoolBuilt 1929-30 for $4520, this was originally the Carroll School for African American residents of the nearby Ogden commu...
- 02-56CarrsvilleThis African-American community was established in1930 after two floods on the Savannah River washed away most of the to...
- 34-17Centenary Rosenwald SchoolCentenary Rosenwald School was built here in 1924-25. It was one of 500 rural schools in S.C. for blacks, constructed wi...
- 39-29Central Colored SchoolThis frame building was constructed c.1925 as a school for African American residents of Central. Known as Central Color...
- 03-15Chain GangsIn 1894 the S.C. legislature passed an act requiring all male prisoners sentenced to less than two years to serve their ...
- 23-102Chapman Grove SchoolThis was the site of Chapman Grove School, est. 1921 by J.H. “Prof.” Chapman and other Black residents of lower Greenvil...
- 10-130Charleston Riot of 1919The “Red Summer” of 1919 was a wave of racist attacks on African American communities across the U.S. One of the first o...
- 26-30Charlie's PlaceCharlie and Sarah Fitzgerald opened Charlie’s Place as a supper club in 1937. It was a stop on the “Chitlin’ Circuit,” n...
- 13-22Chesterfield Colored SchoolThis was the site of the Chesterfield Colored School, a segregated school built in 1937 to serve African Americans. The ...
- 23-74Claussen's BakeryThis two-story trapezoidal plan industrial building is one of two surviving Claussen's bakeries in S.C. Built in 1930, t...
- 08-75Cordesville Rosenwald SchoolCordesville Rosenwald School, the first African American public school in Cordesville, S.C., was built on this site in 1...
- 46-75Crawford SchoolCrawford School for African American residents of the Ogden community was built here in 1926-27. The school cost $3,800 ...
- 43-61Dalzell SchoolThis was the site of Dalzell School, a legally white but segregated public school for the “Sumter Turks,” a dark-skinned...
- 46-79Durkee Training InstituteDurkee Training Institute, an African American vocational school, opened in 1932 on Crawford Rd. and moved to this site ...
- 46-27Emmett Scott SchoolThis school, founded in 1920, was the first public school for blacks in Rock Hill. Named for Emmett J. Scott (1873-1957)...
- 38-40Felton Training School & TeacherageFelton Training School was completed in 1925 and was financed in part by the Rosenwald Fund (1917-1948). It was a four-t...
- 22-72Florence Williams HospitalThis is the site of the Florence Williams Hospital, opened by its namesake in 1926. Florence Williams (1887-1967) was an...
- 09-19Fort Motte Rosenwald School SiteThis site was the location of the Fort Motte Rosenwald School, one of two built in Calhoun County between 1924 and 1926....
- 23-45Fountain Inn Rosenwald SchoolThe Fountain Inn Rosenwald School, also known as the Fountain Inn Colored School, was a complex of several buildings bui...
- 46-68George Fish SchoolThis was the site of Fort Mill’s longest operating school dedicated to African Americans. Built on a 4-acre parcel acqui...
- 25-21Gifford Rosenwald SchoolGifford Rosenwald School, sometimes called Gifford Colored School, was built here in 1920-21. It was one of 500 rural sc...
- 40-205Gonzales GardensOpened in September 1940, Gonzales Gardens was named for N.G., Ambrose, and William Gonzales, founders of The State news...
- 09-10Good Hope PicnicThe Good Hope Picnic, a celebration of the end of the planting season, is the oldest African-American event in the Lone ...
- 11-07Granard Graded and High SchoolThis is the original location of Granard Graded and High School, also known as Granard Street School. It was built here ...
- 38-31Great Branch School and TeacherageThe Great Branch School, which stood here from 1918 to the early 1960s, was one of the first Rosenwald schools in S.C. A...
- 21-58Green's Funeral HomeThis is the original site of Green’s Funeral Home, a prominent African American-owned business in mid-20th century Lake ...
- 25-06Hampton Colored SchoolConstructed for black students, this elementary school was built shortly after Hampton County School District purchased ...
- 01-24Harrisburg SchoolFor more than thirty years, the Harrisburg neighborhood was the site of a public school for local African Americans. Har...
- 21-45Historic Downtown African American Business DistrictThe 200 and 300 blocks of N. Dargan St. were once the center of a thriving African American business district in Florenc...
- 38-39Holly Hill Rosenwald SchoolThe Holly Hill Rosenwald School once stood near this location. Built 1926-27, the Holly Hill School was the third school...
- 36-20Hope Rosenwald SchoolThis school, built in 1925-26 at a cost of $2,900, was one of more than 500 rural African-American schools in S.C. funde...
- 46-88Jefferson High SchoolJefferson High School was built at this site c.1924. It was funded with support from the Julius Rosenwald Foundation and...
- 10-98John L. Dart LibraryDart Hall, at Kracke and Bogard Sts., was founded in 1927 by Susan Dart Butler (1888-1959) as the first public library f...
- 08-78Keith SchoolThis was the site of a public school for African Americna families in this section of lower Berkeley Co. It was housed i...
- 29-06Lancaster Normal and Industrial InstituteLocated on this site, Lancaster Normal and Industrial Institute for black students was incorporated in 1905; M. D. Lee w...
- 08-77Laurel Hill SchoolThis is the last site of Laurel Hill School, which served African American families mainly from the community of Alvin. ...
- 30-10Laurens County Training SchoolThe Laurens County Training School, located here 1924-1954, had its origins in Gray Court School, a one-room school foun...
- 32-56Lexington Rosenwald High SchoolThis is the site of one of four Lexington Co. schools built with support from the Julius Rosenwald Foundation. The five-...
- 46-71Liberty Hill SchoolLiberty Hill School was built in 1924-25 to serve African American residents of the Catawba area. Its $3,200 cost was pa...
- 43-47Lincoln High SchoolLincoln High School can trace its origins to the establishment of “Lincoln School,” which was built as the first public ...
- 46-77Lincoln Memorial CemeteryLocal African Americans conducted burials at this graveyard as early as the 1910s. In 1932, a group chartered as the Lin...
- 10-111Lincoln TheatreIn 1919, the Lincoln Theatre opened at 601 King St. and became Charleston’s lognest operating theater for African Americ...
- 10-47Lincolnville SchoolLincolnville School, the first public school for black students in this community, stood here from 1924 to 1953. Built a...
- 26-20Loris Training SchoolLoris Training School, which stood here from 1928 to 1955, was the first school for black students in Loris and other ne...
- 10-142Louie TenementNear this intersection is the site of Louie Tenement, a housing complex that served residents of North Charleston’s Libe...
- 02-86Lynching of the Lowman FamilyIn Oct. 1926, Bertha Lowman Cheatham (b.1892) and Damon (b.1902) and Clarence Lowman (b.1911) were taken from the Aiken ...
- 25-30Macedonia SchoolThis is the site of Macedonia School, an African American public school founded by Macedonia Baptist Church. The congreg...
- 40-218Manigault's Funeral HomeThis was the original site of Manigault-Gaten-Williams Funeral Home, est. 1923 and later run by the family of co-founder...
- 35-39Marlboro Training High SchoolThis school, built in 1928 and founded by the Marlboro Educational Society, was the first high school for black students...
- 07-61Mary Field SchoolFollowing Emancipation, education was a priority for African American families on Daufuskie. Adults and children attende...
- 21-61Masonic HallThis two-story wood frame building dates to c.1924 and was originally a meeting hall for several African American masoni...
- 40-155Matilda A. Evans HouseDr. Matilda A. Evans (1872-1935), an African American physician, as well as a public health and civil rights advocate, l...
- 02-78McGhee BlockThis seven-storefront brick building was built in 1920 by African American contractors and cousins William M. McGhee and...
- 40-163Monteith SchoolThis African-American school, built nearby before 1900, was originally New Hope School, a white school affiliated with U...
- 10-109Mosquito BeachLocated 1.5 mi. SW of here, Mosquito Beach is a .13-mile strip of land that served African Americans during the Jim Crow...
- 21-14Mt. Zion Rosenwald SchoolThis school, built in 1925, was the first public school for African American students in the Mars Bluff community. One o...
- 26-17Myrtle Beach Colored SchoolMyrtle Beach Colored School stood here from the early 1930s to 2001. The first public school for African-American studen...
- 40-161Nathaniel J. Frederick HouseNathaniel J. Frederick (1877-1938), educator, lawyer, newspaper editor, and civil rights activist, lived here from 1904 ...
- 35-48New Hill Baptist ChurchOrganized by 1919, this Freewill Baptist congregation first met at a wooded 6.5-acre site approx. ½ mi. north where they...
- 24-21Ninety Six Colored SchoolThe Ninety Six Colored School, built nearby between 1927 and 1932, was a combined elementary and high school through the...
- 40-153North Carolina Mutual BuildingThe North Carolina Mutual Building was built in 1909 by the N.C. Mutual and Provident Association, a black-owned life in...
- 08-82Oakley SchoolThis was the site of a public school for African American residents of the Oakley community, originally known as Oakley ...
- 37-07Oconee County Training SchoolOconee County Training School, which educated the African American children of this county from 1925 to 1955, was the su...
- 38-56Orangeburg County Training SchoolIn 1924, Elloree School District bought 4 acres at this site from Black farmer Robert L. Williams to build Orangeburg Co...
- 23-100Oscar Street SchoolOscar Street School for African Americans opened at this site in 1930. The one-story, brick-veneer school cost $16,500 a...
- 43-60Palmer Funeral HomePalmer Funeral Home opened at this site in 1933. It was founded by Edmund Perry Palmer Sr., who in 1925 graduated from N...
- 40-227Palmetto CemeteryPalmetto Cemetery opened in the 1920s as a community burial ground for local African Americans. Sited on former farmland...
- 21-63Palmetto SchoolBy the 1910s this was the site of Palmetto School, a public school for African Americans. It was housed in a wooden buil...
- 38-46Pewilburwhitcade New Farmers CampIn 1935, the S.C. chapter of New Farmers of America (N.F.A.), a vocational agriculture association for African American ...
- 40-172Pine Grove Rosenwald SchoolThis school, built in 1923 at a cost of $2,500, is one of 500 African-American schools in S.C. funded in part by the Jul...
- 14-12Pleasant Grove SchoolBlack institution built soon after school district purchased the land 1933. School closed 1953 with 5 teachers/159 stude...
- 44-19Poplar Grove SchoolPoplar Grove School opened in 1927 as a four-classroom school for African American students in Union Co. An extra classr...
- 28-20Red Hill SchoolThis frame building was constructed in 1927-28 to house a school for African American families of Red Hill and surroundi...
- 37-20Retreat Rosenwald SchoolThis school, often called Retreat Colored School, was built in 1923 for the African-American students in and near Westmi...
- 40-160Richard Samuel Roberts HouseRichard Samuel Roberts (1880-1936), a photographer who documented individuals, families, and institutions in Columbia’s ...
- 40-113Richlex School SiteJulius Rosenwald, Chicago philanthropist and president of Sears, Roebuck & Co., (1910-1925), helped fund this black scho...
- 40-234Ridgewood Baptist ChurchRidgewood Baptist Church organized in 1925. Members initially worshipped in the yard of Robert and Lillie Knightner’s fa...
- 40-171Robert Weston Mance HouseThe Robert Weston Mance House, built in 1903, stood here at the corner of Pine and Hampton Streets until 2008. A two-sto...
- 38-37Rocky Swamp Rosenwald SchoolThis is the site of Rocky Swamp Rosenwald School, a frame three-room school built here in 1920-21 for African-American s...
- 16-73Rosenwald Consolidated SchoolThe Julius Rosenwald Consolidated School, built in 1930, was a combined elementary and high school until 1953 and a high...
- 15-25Ruffin Rosenwald SchoolThis frame building dates to 1928-29 and originally housed a segregated school for Black residents of Ruffin. Its cost w...
- 46-73Sadler StoreThis brick-veneered, wood frame building was built in 1927 as a country store opened by William Sadler (1865-1930). An A...
- 10-140Seashore Farmers' Lodge No. 767In 1912 local Black farmers chartered Lodge No. 767 of the International Liberty Union. Known as the Seashore Farmers’ L...
- 44-08Sims High SchoolSims High School stood here from 1927 until the early 1970s and was the first black high school in Union County. It was ...
- 42-38Spartanburg General HospitalAuthorized in 1917 by the state and opened in 1921 by the county, Spartanburg General Hospital (SGH) was housed in this ...
- 46-39St. Anne's Parochial SchoolSt. Anne’s Church, the first Catholic church in York County, was founded in 1919 by the Rev. William A. Tobin of Columbi...
- 21-57St. Beulah Missionary Baptist ChurchSt. Beulah Missionary Baptist Church likely organized in the late 19th century. They acquired this site from the Jeffrie...
- 18-36St. George Rosenwald SchoolThis wood frame building dates to 1925-26 and was originally a public school for Black residents of St. George and other...
- 34-19St. James A.M.E. ChurchThe congregation of St. James A.M.E. Church first worshipped under a bush arbor in the vicinity of what is now Ariel Cro...
- 26-15St. James Rosenwald SchoolSt. James Rosenwald School, which stood here from the late 1920s until the early 1970s, was one of several African-Ameri...
- 46-74St. James Rosenwald SchoolThis was one of twenty African American schools built in York County in the early 20th c. with support from the Julius R...
- 45-30St. John SchoolThis was the site of St. John School, a public school for African American children of the Moore’s Crossroads area. It w...
- 09-20St. Matthews C.T.S. SiteSt. Matthews County Training School (C.T.S.), one of two Rosenwald Schools in Calhoun County, was built on this 4-acre s...
- 08-74St. Stephen (White) High SchoolSt. Stephen High School was the first public white H.S. for the town of St. Stephen. The current building was built 1928...
- 08-51St. Stephen Colored SchoolSt. Stephen Colored School, the first public African American school in St. Stephen, was built here in 1924-25. A three-...
- 10-28Sweetgrass BasketsCoil baskets of native sweetgrass and pine needles sewn with strips of palmetto leaf have been displayed for sale on sta...
- 40-101The Big AppleOriginally built 1907-1910 as the House of Peace Synagogue and located 100 yards south, this building was sold in 1936 a...
- 37-26The Lynching of Allen GreenIn 1930, over 100 white men and boys broke into Oconee County Jail to lynch Allen Green, a prominent local African Ameri...
- 45-26Tomlinson SchoolFormerly enslaved African Americans built the first Tomlinson School in 1866. Overseen by the Freedmen’s Bureau, it was ...
- 10-85U.S. Courthouse and Post OfficeThis Renaissance Revival building, opened in 1896, is notable for its association with U.S. District Judge J. Waties War...
- 44-10Union Community HospitalUnion Community Hospital served the black community of Union County and nearby areas from 1932 to 1975. Built as a house...
- 10-83Union HeightsThis community, subdivided into lots in 1919, was named for the nearby union station of three railroads. It had been par...
- 45-29Union SchoolThis is the site of Union School, a public school that served African Americans mostly from the Salters and Lane communi...
- 05-06Voorhees CollegeVoorhees College, founded by Elizabeth Evelyn Wright in 1897 as the Denmark Industrial School, was an effort to emphasiz...
- 40-157WaverlyWaverly has been one of Columbia’s most significant black communities since the 1930s. The city’s first residential subu...
- 09-22West End Public LibraryIn 1950, West End Calhoun County Library opened in a rented 4-room building off Clahoun Road to serve Black residents of...
- 38-44Wilkinson High SchoolIn 1938, Orangeburg’s first black high school opened in this building, constructed by the Works Progress Administration....
- 21-21William H. Johnson BirthplaceWilliam Henry Johnson (1901-1970), one of the most important African-American artists of the 20th century, was born near...
- 07-35William Simmons HouseThis house, built in 1930, is typical in materials and methods of construction of those built on the S.C. Sea Islands fr...
- 35-44Workers Enterprise BankChartered in 1919, the Workers Enterprise Bank was the first Black-owned bank in Bennettsville and one of the only such ...
- 23-27Working Benevolent Society HospitalThe Working Benevolent Society Hospital, first known as St. Luke Colored Hospital, was a two-story frame building standi...
- 46-66Wright Funeral HomeIsaac “Bub” Wright Jr. was a master craftsman who began making caskets in the early 1900s. In 1914 he began Wright Funer...
World War II and After (1941-present)
- 45-22"Let Us March on Ballot Boxes"On May 8, 1966, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. visited Kingstree. King’s speech, which came after passage of the Voting Righ...
- 02-73A.L. Corbett SchoolA.L. Corbett School for grades 1-12 opened at this site in 1954. The $600,000-facility was funded by the state equalizat...
- 35-41Adamsville SchoolAdamsville School opened in 1954 as part of S.C.’s equalization program, an attempt to forestall racial integration by i...
- 21-59American Legion StadiumAmerican Legion Stadium opened at this site in 1941. The 2,500-seat facility was built by the Works Progress Administrat...
- 26-16Atlantic BeachAtlantic Beach, nicknamed "The Black Pearl," was established about 1934 as an oceanfront community for blacks denied acc...
- 43-59B.T. Williams HouseThis brick-veneered hosue was the home of Dr. Booker Taliaferro Williams, dentist and civil rights activist. Born 1900 i...
- 30-17Bell Street SchoolThis school, built in 1950, was the third African-American school on Bell Street. Friendship School, founded in 1883 by ...
- 45-25Benevolent Societies HospitalIn March 1948, eight local Black benevolent societies founded a hospital for African Americans at this site. It was hous...
- 40-207Benjamin Mack HouseEducator and civil rights leader Benjamin Mack (1916-1970) lived in this house from the late 1950s until his death in 19...
- 42-40Bethune High SchoolBethune High School opened in 1953. It was housed in a brick facility built at this site and funded by the S.C. equaliza...
- 32-43Blinding of Isaac WoodardSgt. Isaac Woodard, a black soldier, was removed from a bus in Batesburg and arrested on Feb. 12, 1946, after a dispute ...
- 14-25Briggs Family HouseOn November 11, 1949, local African American families came to this house to sign a petition demanding equal resources in...
- 25-26Brunson Rosenwald SchoolThe Brunson Rosenwald School, also known as the Brunson Colored School, was built on this site in 1925-26. The two-teach...
- 23-80Bryson High SchoolBryson H.S. opened in 1954, serving African American students in lower Greenville Co. It was one of the many schools con...
- 10-135C.A. Brown High SchoolThis campus was built in 1962 as a high school for African American residents of Charleston’s East Side. Initially known...
- 09-23Camp Harry E. DanielsOpened in 1949, this 4-H camp for African American youth was named for state extension leader Harry Daniels (1894-1944)....
- 40-195Canal Dime Savings BankThis three-story building was designed by the noted Columbia architectural firm of W.B. Smith Whaley and Co. Completed i...
- 46-84Carver TheaterThe Carver Theater opened at this site in 1947. It was housed in a metal Quonset hut with a stuccoed brick, stepped para...
- 40-140Carver TheatreCarver Theatre, built about 1941, was one of Columbia’s two exclusively African-American theatres during the segregation...
- 32-50Cayce Colored SchoolIn 1927-28, a wood frame school was built on this site to house the Cayce Colored School. It served African American res...
- 07-42Cherry Hill SchoolThis one-room frame school, built ca. 1937, was the first separate school building constructed for African-American stud...
- 26-27Chestnut Consolidated SchoolChestnut Consolidated School, which was located here 1954-1970, was built under the equalization program of Gov. James F...
- 38-50Christ the King Catholic ChurchIn 1930, white Catholic priests in the Redemptorist missionary order assumed charge of local Holy Trinity Parish. In 193...
- 38-51Christ the King Catholic SchoolThis was the site of Christ the King Catholic School for local African Americans. Classes were previously held at Christ...
- 45-23Chubby Checker HomeOn Oct. 3, 1941, Ernest Evans, later known by his stage name, “Chubby Checker,” was born to Raymond and Eartle (Scott) E...
- 10-77Cigar FactoryThis five-story commercial building, built ca. 1882 as a textile mill, was known as the Charleston Manufacturing Company...
- 38-47Civil Rights MeetingsIn the early 1960s, this campus was an important meeting place for local college students organizing for civil rights. O...
- 21-47Civil Rights Sit-InsOn March 3-4, 1960, members of the Florence Youth branch of the NAACP staged protest demonstrations here at the former S...
- 27-27Clementa Carlos PinckneyClementa Carlos Pinckney (1973-2015) answered the call to preach at the age of 13 here at St. John AME Church and receiv...
- 46-78Clover Springs FarmIn 1942, local textile entrepreneur Cary C. Boshamer (1895-1973) opened Clover Springs Farm at this site. Previously cot...
- 15-22Colleton Training SchoolColleton Training School opened in 1925 and served African American students in the elementary and high school grades. I...
- 40-196Columbia Civil Rights Sit-InsOn March 15, 1960 five African American students from Benedict College – Charles Barr, David Carter, Richard Counts, Mil...
- 40-213Columbia Hospital "Negro Unit"Columbia Hospital, est. 1892, opened a segregated wing for African Americans in 1934 at its Hampton St. location. In 194...
- 43-58Community HospitalCommunity Hospital opened at this site in 1949. The 40-room brick facility was built for African Amerian residents of Su...
- 40-211Cyril O. Spann Medical OfficeFrom 1963 to 1979, this was the office of Dr. Cyril O. Spann (1916-1979), one of the first fully trained African America...
- 31-18Dennis High SchoolDennis High School, built in 1936, was the first high school for African-American students in Lee County. Built on land ...
- 08-39Dixie Training SchoolBerkeley Training High School, first called Dixie Training School, stood here from 1920 until the 1980s. The first publi...
- 24-13Dr. Benjamin E. MaysThe spiritual mentor of Martin Luther King, Jr. Born here in 1894. Served as president of Morehouse College 1940-67 and ...
- 35-47East Side SchoolIn addition to classrooms, the original campus included a gymnasium, auditorium, library, labs, a shop, and a former far...
- 21-56Ebony Guest HouseIn 1949, Ebony Guest House, a prominent local tourist home for African Americans, opened at this site. It was owned and ...
- 24-24Edgewood SchoolThis brick campus opened in 1956 as Edgewood School. Part of Ninety Six School District, Edgewood served local African A...
- 40-214Edwards v. S.C.On March 2, 1961, over 200 African American college and high school students marched 6 blocks from Zion Baptist Church t...
- 25-27Estill Rosenwald SchoolThe Estill Rosenwald School (Estill Colored School), was built on this site in 1925-26. Funded in part by the Julius Ros...
- 12-13Finley High SchoolFinley High School opened in 1923. It was originally known as Chester Colored High School and located ¼ mi. N on McClure...
- 18-34Four Holes Public SchoolAround 1964 a segregated 3-room concrete block school was built here for Native American children of the Four Holes comm...
- 22-67Friendly Aid SocietyThe Christian Friendly Aid Society (CFAS), an African American benevolent society, built a lodge here c.1947. The Societ...
- 40-154Good Samaritan-Waverly HospitalGood Samaritan-Waverly Hospital, created in 1938 by the merger of two older hospitals, served the black community of Col...
- 32-51Greater St. Paul African Methodist Episcopal ChurchTradition holds that the congregants of St. Paul Church organized in the 1870s and originally worshipped under a brush a...
- 23-42Greenville County CourthouseThis Beaux Arts building, built in 1916-18, was the fourth Greenville County Courthouse, from 1918 to 1950. It was liste...
- 10-87Harmon FieldHarmon Field, established in 1927, was one of many parks across the country created with support from the Harmon Foundat...
- 40-229Harold Boulware HouseThis was the adult home of pioneering S.C. civil rights attorney Harold R. Boulware (1913-1982). Born and raised in Irmo...
- 40-184Harriett Cornwell Tourist HomeThis home’s first owner was John R. Cornwell, an African American business man and civic leader who owned a successful b...
- 40-143Heidt-Russell HouseThis house, with Greek Revival and Italianate architectural influences, was built about 1879 by William J. Heidt, builde...
- 10-80Hospital Strike of 1969Civil rights marches on Ashley Ave. and elsewhere occurred during strikes at two hospitals from March 20 to July 18, 196...
- 16-84Hough's HotelHough’s Hotel, a two-story, 16-room hotel for African Americans, opened at this site in 1946. Established at a time when...
- 22-21Howard SchoolAfter purchasing this land January 1, 1866, Georgetown Colored Academy built a school here. By 1908 the old building had...
- 40-175I. DeQuincy Newman HouseIsaiah DeQuincey Newman (1911-1985), Methodist minister, civil rights leader, and state senator, lived here from 1960 un...
- 39-09Integration With Dignity, 1963Clemson University became the first white college or university in the state to integrate on January 28, 1963. Harvey B....
- 40-142James M. Hinton HouseThis is the site of the home of James Miles Hinton (1891-1970), businessman, civil rights pioneer, and minister. Hinton ...
- 10-78James Simons Elementary SchoolThis school, built in 1919 and designed by local architects Benson & Barbot, was the fifth public elementary school in t...
- 02-34Jefferson High SchoolJefferson High School opened in 1956 as a junior high and high school for African-American students of Beech Island, Bel...
- 10-57Jenkins OrphanageSince 1937 this has been the campus of the Jenkins Orphanage, established in Charleston in 1891 by Rev. Daniel Joseph Je...
- 09-21John Ford High SchoolIn 1954, this became the new site of John Ford High School, a segregated school for African Americans. Previously known ...
- 18-37Kennedy-Jenkins Hill High SchoolKennedy High School opened at this site in 1954-55. It served Black families from Dorchester Co. School District No. 3 (...
- 10-79Kress BuildingThis three-story Art Deco building, built in 1930-31 was a 5- and 10-cent store owned by S.H. Kress & Co. until 1980. Kr...
- 10-95Laing SchoolThe original Laing School was founded in Mt. Pleasant by the Abolition Society of Pennsylvania in 1866. In 1953, Laing H...
- 32-46Lakeview SchoolThis was the last site of a segregated school for Black residents of Brookland-Cayce School District with roots to at le...
- 26-25Levister Elementary SchoolThis school, built in 1953, was one of many African-American schools built by the equalization program of Gov. James F. ...
- 14-08Liberty Hill ChurchIn 1867, five years after the Emancipation Proclamation, Thomas and Margaret Briggs gave four acres of land to this Afri...
- 10-128Little Rock Golf ClubThis was the site of a Black-owned segregation-era golf course for local African Americans. It was opened in 1953 by Ric...
- 39-27Littlejohn's GrillHorace and Gertrude Littlejohn opened Littlejohn’s Grill in a small concrete building in the 1940s. After a c.1950 fire,...
- 13-18Long High School SiteLong H.S. was completed in 1955 and replaced Coulter Academy as the primary African American H.S. in Cheraw. The school ...
- 14-23Manning Training SchoolManning Training School has origins in the early 20th century with the Slater Fund helped finance Clarendon County Train...
- 38-48Matte E. Pegues New Homemakers CampAt the end of this road is the site of a camp opened in 1946 by the S.C. New Homemakers of America (N.H.A.), an organiza...
- 08-72Maude E. Callen ClinicMaude E. Callen (1898-1990) was born in Quincy, FL. She received formal training at Florida A&M Univ. and the Tuskeegee ...
- 23-104McClaren Medical ShelterMcClaren Medical Shelter, a one-story brick building on a raised basement, was a privately run hospital for African Amer...
- 46-37McCrory's Civil Rights Sit-InsThis building, built in 1901, was occupied by McCrory’s Five & Dime from 1937 to 1997. On February 12, 1960, black stude...
- 07-29Michael C. Riley SchoolsThis is the site of two schools that served the black community of southern Beaufort County for most of the twentieth ce...
- 40-148Modjeska Simkins HouseThis house was for sixty years the home of Modjeska Monteith Simkins (1899-1992), social reformer and civil rights activ...
- 31-21Mount Pleasant High SchoolMount Pleasant High School opened at this location in 1957. It served African American students from southern Lee County...
- 07-69Oyotunji VillageIn 1970, members of the N.Y. Yoruba Temple arrived in Beaufort Co. to found an “African Village” centered on traditional...
- 40-204Palmetto Education AssociationFounded in 1900 as the S.C. State Teachers Association, and known from 1918-1953 as the Palmetto State Teachers Associat...
- 34-18Palmetto High SchoolPalmetto High School, completed in 1953, was built as a school for African American students. It replaced the previous P...
- 14-26Pearson Family HomesiteThis farm was home to the family of Levi Pearson (1894-1970), who with his brother, Hammett Pearson, joined other Africa...
- 36-26Peoples HospitalPeoples Hospital, the first and only hospital for African Americans in the county from 1937 until Newberry County Memori...
- 16-85Primus ParkPrimus Park was formally dedicated in 1962 as a multi-purpose athletic field for African Americans. Efforts to construct...
- 43-49Randall v. Sumter School DistrictThough the U.S. Supreme Court had declared racially segregated school unconstitutional in the landmark decision Brown v....
- 21-62Richmond RestRichmond Rest, a popular African American tourist home, opened north of here by 1948. It was owned by Lillie Richmond (d...
- 13-16Robert Smalls SchoolRobert Smalls School was built in 1953 as a segregated school for African American students. Construction was funded as ...
- 10-149Rockville Elementary SchoolThis campus was originally Rockville Elementary School. It replaced an older Rockville School that moved to this site be...
- 16-75Round OMuch of the land in this vicinity was once part of Thomas Smith’s Round O Plantation. The name derives from a large Caro...
- 38-52S.C. State School of LawIn 1946, John H. Wrighten III, a S.C. State student from Edisto Island, applied to all-white Univ. of South Carolina Sch...
- 08-79S.C.O.P.E. Freedom HouseIn 1965, this was the Berkeley County headquarters of Summer Community Organization and Political Education (SCOPE), a v...
- 41-17Saluda Rosenwald SchoolIn 1924-25 a new school building for African American residents of Saluda was built near here with support from the Juli...
- 02-82Sardis Elementary SchoolSardis Elementary School opened at this site in 1954. The school served African American residents of Salley and surroun...
- 14-24Scott's Branch SchoolPreviously located at Taw Caw Baptist Church outside Summerton and at a site on 1st St., Scott’s Branch School moved her...
- 10-97Septima Clark BirthplaceSeptima Poinsette Clark, who Martin Luther King Jr. called “the Mother of the Movement,” was a nationally influential Ci...
- 44-17Sims High SchoolSims High School, located here from 1956 to 1970, replaced a 1927 school on Union Boulevard, which in 1929 had become th...
- 16-80St. Joseph's Catholic ChurchSt. Joseph’s began as a missionary parish to serve Hartsville’s African American community. Established in 1945, the par...
- 46-86St. Mary Catholic ChurchSt. Mary Catholic Church formed in 1945. It was organized by Fr. Edward Wahl, a white Oratorian who sought to minister t...
- 40-144The Lighthouse & InformerThe Lighthouse & Informer, long the leading black newspaper in S.C., was a weekly published here from 1941 to 1954 by jo...
- 23-41The Lynching of Willie EarleThe Willie Earle lynching was the last recorded in S.C. and the one of the last in the South. On the night of February 1...
- 38-27The Orangeburg MassacreOn February 8, 1968, after three nights of escalating racial tension over efforts by S.C. State College students and oth...
- 10-81The Progressive ClubThe Progressive Club, built in 1962-63, was a store and community center for Johns Island and other Sea Islands until it...
- 10-141Tobin-Boyd Elementary SchoolTobin-Boyd Elementary School opened at this site in 1961 to serve Black residents of the Red Top community. It was part ...
- 10-122W. Gresham Meggett SchoolW. Gresham Meggett School opened in 1952-53 to serve grades 1-8. It was quickly expanded to house James Island’s first b...
- 07-75Washington Street PlaygroundIn 1942 a group of local African American leaders known as the Beaufort County Negro Recreational Association acquired a...
- 40-145Waverly Five and DimeThe Waverly Five & Dime, located here until about 1957, was managed 1945-48 by George A. Elmore (1905-1959), the African...
- 26-26Whittemore SchoolWhittemore School, one of the first African-American schools in Horry County, educated elementary and high school studen...
- 25-25Yemassee Rosenwald SchoolIn 1929 Elvira Jackson sold 4 acres of land to Yemassee School District #26 for $500. The land was to be used to build a...